Quality of Life in Later Years: Perspectives from Residents of Old Age Homes

Abstract

Background: Quality of life (QoL) in later life is shaped by a complex interaction of physical health, psychological well-being, social relationships, autonomy, and environmental conditions. With the increasing institutionalization of older adults, understanding the factors influencing QoL in old age homes has become a critical public health concern. Methodology: A systematic review of literature published between 2000 and 2024 was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, JSTOR, and ResearchGate. Inclusion criteria focused on empirical and theoretical studies involving elderly residents (60+) living in old age homes. Studies were screened based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and relevant findings were synthesized qualitatively. Results: This review synthesized findings from Indian studies conducted across multiple states, encompassing approximately 1,100 elderly participants residing in old age homes. The pooled evidence indicates that nearly 28.8% of institutionalized elderly experience poor overall quality of life, with considerable impairment observed across physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains. Gender differences, cultural context, economic dependency, and the extent of family involvement were found to significantly influence residents’ experiences and perceived well-being. Conclusion: Enhancing the quality of life of elderly residents in old age homes requires a comprehensive and holistic care approach. Integrating mental health services, strengthening social engagement, promoting autonomy, and adopting person-centered care practices are essential. Such measures can help transform old age homes into supportive environments that preserve dignity, autonomy, and overall well-being in later life